Clínicas familiares: evaluando el efecto biopsicosocial de la pandemia (covid-19) en una comunidad urbana

Abstract

Desarrollar intervenciones de salud adecuadas durante la pandemia por COVID-19 ha exigido analizar su impacto. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el efecto biopsicosocial general y por género en una comunidad urbana del Estado de México para intervenir adecuadamente. Participaron 639 personas de una Clínica Familiar (67% mujeres, 27% hombres y 6% hombres-homosexuales). Se incluyeron diferentes grupos etarios (M=43;DT=23;R:8-97), mayoritariamente adultos (74%), de clase social media (90%) y de grado académico medio-superior (68%). El estudio fue transversal, exploratorio, con muestreo por conveniencia-secuencial. Se encuestó mediante google-form sincrónicamente por videollamada. El análisis cuantitativo muestra un impacto biopsicosocial de la pandemia negativo en la muestra (mayormente en mujeres), duplicándose del 10% al 20% quienes consideran peor su salud general. Las personas con bienestar emocional y sin síntomas depresivos se reducen (37% y 27% respectivamente). La presencia de trastornos conductuales, adicciones y violencia se presentan aproximadamente en el 50%. La adherencia a medidas preventivas fue alta (40%-70%) y mayor en mujeres. Se concluye sobre la intervención multidisciplinaria-comunitaria mediante clínicas familiares, analizando factores protectores y de riesgo.

Developing appropriate health interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic has required analyzing their impact. The objective of the study was to describe the general biopsychosocial effect by studying gender in an urban community in the State of Mexico to generate timely strategies. Six hundred and thirty-nine people from a family clinic (67% were women and 27% were men [6% of the men were homosexuals]) participated in the study. Different age groups were included (M = 43; SD = 23; R: 8-97). Participants were mostly adults (74%), middle income (90%) and middle to upper educated (68%). The study was cross-sectional, exploratory and implemented sequential convenience sampling. Data was collected using google-forms and video calls. The quantitative analysis shows a negative biopsychosocial impact of the pandemic on the sample (mostly in women), doubling from 10% to 20% of those who consider their general health worse. People who showed good emotional well-being and no depressive symptoms were reduced (37% and 27% respectively). The presence of behavioural disorders, addictions and violence are present in approximately 50% of the sample. Adherence to preventive measures was high (40% -70%) and higher in women. The study concluded that a multidisciplinary-community intervention through family clinics, analyzing protective and risk factors was needed.